Brjóstagjöf Skýrsla Lýsing



NutraHacker Brjóstagjöf Skýrslan er erfðafræðileg skýrsla sem auðkennir stakka núkleótíða fjölbreytni (SNPs) sem hafa áhrif á brjóstagjöf eða brjóstamjólkurfætt ungbarn. Þessir genar tengjast móðurinni og greina ekki erfðafræði barnsins.

SNPs merktir með stjörnu (*) hafa verið reiknuð með impute hugbúnaði.

Útfylltir alelar eru áfangir, sem þýðir að hægt er að greina hvaða genafrit ber tiltekinn alel. Áfangaskipting aðskilur móður- og feðurarfaðar afrit af alelum svo að haplótýpur er hægt að ákvarða.

Venjulega er aðal/minni alel valinn sem ríkjandi alel samanborið við sjaldgæfari alel í tilteknu þjóðfélagi, og þetta getur verið mismunandi eftir þjóðfélaginu sem metið er.

Í þessari skýrslu koma meirihluti "væntanlegra" alela frá aðalela og afbrigði er minni alel, hins vegar við tilteknar aðstæður kom í ljós að minni alelinn veitir ávinning og er valinn sem væntanlegur eða "gagnlegur" alel. Við vísum til þessara sem "væntanlegur" og "afbrigði" alel.

Þessi skýrsla er veitt í upplýsingaskyni, talaðu við lækninn þinn ef þú vilt frekari skilning eða leiðbeiningar. Þessa skýrslu ætti ekki að nota til að gera neinar breytingar á mataræði eða brjóstagjöf án þess að hafa samband við lækninn þinn eða næringarfræðing.

Sýnishorn Brjóstagjöf skýrslu er hægt að nálgast með að smella hér.

Gagnleg útdráttur úr ýmsum ritum:

Secretor: The activity of alpha-[1,2]-fucosyltransferase, encoded by the FUT2 gene, determines "secretor" versus "nonsecretor" status and HBGA expression. Secretors can express 2-fucosylated oligosaccharides in breast milk and H-type 1 antigens on mucosal surfaces. Homozygotes for inactivating alleles in FUT2 are characterized as nonsecretors and lack this ability but seem to be protected against symptomatic RV infections.

Maternal Secretor Status Affects Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Response in Breastfed Infants in Bangladesh

Fucosylated oligosaccharides are decoy receptors for many pathogenic bacteria, including members of enterobacteria; hence, they have a potential to reduce their adhesion to the gut, thus protecting the infant. In addition, fucosylated HMOs bind enterotoxin produced by E. coli.

Fucosylated oligosaccharides in mother's milk alleviate the effects of caesarean birth on infant gut microbiota

What are the benefits of human milk oligosaccharides?

Several studies have reported the health benefits of HMOs, which include modulation of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, modulation of the intestinal epithelial cell response, and development of the immune system.

The Role of Two Human Milk Oligosaccharides, 2'-Fucosyllactose and Lacto-N-Neotetraose, in Infant Nutrition

The results indicate that maternal secretor status may be particularly influential in infants with compromised microbiota development, and that these infants could benefit from corrective supplementation.

The combination of caesarean birth and lack of milk 2'FL appear to profoundly alter the infant's microbiota. The FUT3 enzyme determines the Lewis type (Le), resulting in strong reduction of alpha-1,3 and absence of alpha-1,4 fucosylated HMOs in milk. Lewis and Secretor type thus allow grouping of human milk in four main milk groups, also sometimes named 'lactotypes'.

Biology of human milk oligosaccharides: From basic science to clinical evidence

The importance of functional Se and Le genes in infant development is an area of active research. One study showed that maternal secretor status appeared to be important for preventing diarrhea, as although the gut microbiota measured through 16S rRNA sequencing did not differ between infants of Se+ and Se- mothers, the prevalence of diarrhea was higher among infants of Se- mothers (18). Moreover, when these infants were provided iron supplements, infants of Se- mothers were more likely to experience a decrease in the abundance of Bifidobacterium and an increase in pathogens compared to infants of Se+ mothers (18). However, supplementation with galactooligosaccharides appeared to ameliorate the impact of iron supplementation (18).

In terms of the oligosaccharides and their metabolites, 3'galactosyllactose, 3'SL, fucose, and LNnT were between 2- and 10-fold lower in milk samples from Se-Le- and Se-Le+ compared to Se+ mothers. Galactose was 6 and 1 times higher in milk samples from Se-Le- and Se-Le+ mothers, respectively, compared to samples from Se+ mothers. For metabolites associated with energy metabolism, samples from Se-Le- milk were approximately 4 times higher in creatine phosphate, 12 times higher in creatine, 4 times higher in creatinine, 5 times higher in citrate, 6 times higher in pyruvate, and 10 times higher in succinate compared to Se+ milk, while these metabolites were similar in concentration between milk from Se-Le+ and Se+ mothers.

The Milk Metabolome of Non-secretor and Lewis Negative Mothers

Gagnleg lesning:

Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Human Milk Production and Composition

Review of Infant Feeding: Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula

Human milk oligosaccharides: Every baby needs a sugar mama

The Milk Metabolome of Non-secretor and Lewis Negative Mothers

Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lewis Blood Group: Individual High-Throughput Sample Profiling to Enhance Conclusions From Functional Studies

The Impact of Dietary Fucosylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoproteins of Human Milk on Infant Well-Being

Influence of Gestational Age, Secretor, and Lewis Blood Group Status on the Oligosaccharide Content of Human Milk

Innate protection conferred by fucosylated oligosaccharides of human milk against diarrhea in breastfed infants

The Impact of Dietary Fucosylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoproteins of Human Milk on Infant Well-Being

Genar sem fjallað er um í Brjóstagjöf Skýrslunni eru:

Fyrir sýnishorn Brjóstagjöf skýrslu smelltu hér.

Hlaða upp hráum DNA gögnum til að fá þína eigin sérsniðnu Brjóstagjöf Skýrslu í NutraHacker Versluninni.