Gene USF1
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Also known as
Upstream transcription factor 1, bHLHb11Overview
USF1 (Upstream Stimulatory Factor 1) encodes a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor belonging to the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family. USF1 regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, including those encoding enzymes for fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and insulin signaling. It functions primarily as a homodimer or heterodimer with USF2, binding to E-box sequences in gene promoters.Genetic variants in USF1 have been strongly associated with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), a common inherited disorder characterized by elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, premature atherosclerosis, and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Specific USF1 polymorphisms influence plasma lipid levels, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic syndrome risk. The effects of USF1 variants can be modified by dietary fat intake, suggesting important gene-diet interactions.
Beyond lipid metabolism, USF1 regulates genes involved in circadian rhythm, oxidative stress response, and cellular proliferation. Understanding USF1 genetics can inform personalized nutrition strategies, particularly regarding dietary fat composition and timing, to optimize cardiovascular health and metabolic function in at-risk individuals.