Gene UCP2
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Also known as
Uncoupling protein 2, UCPH, SLC25A8Overview
UCP2 (Uncoupling Protein 2) encodes a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that dissociates oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis, allowing protons to leak across the membrane and releasing energy as heat. This uncoupling process reduces the efficiency of energy production while also limiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. UCP2 is widely expressed throughout the body, with particularly high levels in immune cells, the brain, and metabolically active tissues.Genetic variants in UCP2 have been associated with differences in metabolic efficiency, body weight regulation, and susceptibility to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Higher UCP2 expression may promote weight loss by increasing energy expenditure but can also reduce ATP availability for cellular processes. Conversely, lower UCP2 activity may enhance metabolic efficiency, potentially contributing to weight gain but also increased ROS production and oxidative stress.
UCP2 also plays important roles in immune function, insulin secretion, and neuroprotection. Variants affecting UCP2 expression or function may influence exercise performance, recovery, metabolic rate, and longevity. Understanding UCP2 genetics can inform personalized approaches to nutrition, exercise programming, and metabolic health optimization.