Gene TRPV1
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Also known as
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, VR1, Capsaicin receptorOverview
TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1) encodes a nonselective cation channel that functions as a molecular integrator of painful stimuli, including heat, acidic pH, and chemical irritants like capsaicin, the compound that makes chili peppers hot. This receptor is highly expressed in sensory neurons and plays a crucial role in the detection and integration of diverse noxious stimuli.Beyond pain perception, TRPV1 has emerged as an important player in metabolic regulation, thermogenesis, and inflammation. Genetic variants in TRPV1 have been associated with differences in pain sensitivity, tolerance to spicy foods, and susceptibility to certain pain conditions. Some variants may influence metabolic rate and body temperature regulation, potentially affecting weight management and energy expenditure.
Recent research has also implicated TRPV1 in skin health and barrier function, with potential roles in conditions like dermatitis and psoriasis. The channel's involvement in neurogenic inflammation and mast cell activation also suggests connections to histamine-mediated processes. Understanding TRPV1 genetic variation can provide insights into individual differences in pain perception, dietary preferences, metabolic function, and inflammatory responses.