Gene STAT6
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Also known as
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6, IL-4 STAT, D12S1644Overview
STAT6 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6) is a transcription factor that plays a central role in interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) signaling pathways. When these cytokines bind to their receptors, STAT6 becomes phosphorylated by Janus kinases (JAKs), dimerizes, and translocates to the nucleus where it regulates the expression of genes involved in allergic and immune responses. STAT6 is essential for the development and function of Th2 helper T cells, B cell class switching to IgE production, and the activation of alternatively activated macrophages. The protein is particularly important in orchestrating type 2 immune responses that protect against parasitic infections but also mediate allergic diseases.Genetic variants in STAT6 have been extensively associated with susceptibility to allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. Polymorphisms that enhance STAT6 activity or expression may predispose individuals to heightened IgE responses and increased allergic sensitivity. Conversely, reduced STAT6 function can impair type 2 immunity, potentially affecting antiparasitic defenses. STAT6 is also implicated in food allergies and histamine intolerance, as it regulates the expression of genes involved in allergic inflammation and mast cell degranulation. Understanding individual STAT6 genetics can help predict allergic disease risk and may inform personalized approaches to allergy management and immunotherapy.