Gene PTGS2
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Also known as
COX2, COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2, PHS2, PGHS-2, hCox-2Overview
PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2), commonly known as COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), encodes an inducible enzyme that plays a central role in inflammation and pain signaling. Unlike its constitutively expressed counterpart COX-1, COX-2 is rapidly upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, growth factors, and cytokines. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, leading to the production of various prostanoids that mediate inflammatory responses, fever, and pain perception.COX-2 expression is markedly increased in conditions such as arthritis, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, making it an important therapeutic target. Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) were developed to reduce inflammation while sparing the gastrointestinal protective effects of COX-1, though some have been associated with increased cardiovascular risks. Genetic variants in PTGS2 have been linked to individual differences in inflammatory responses, cancer susceptibility, and response to both selective and non-selective NSAIDs. Understanding these genetic variations can help optimize anti-inflammatory treatment strategies and predict potential adverse effects.