Gene PTGS1
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Also known as
COX1, COX-1, Cyclooxygenase-1, PHS1, PGHS-1Overview
PTGS1 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 1), also known as COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1), encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in prostaglandin biosynthesis. This enzyme converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which serves as a precursor for various prostaglandins and thromboxanes that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever responses. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and plays important housekeeping roles in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity, platelet aggregation, and kidney function.Unlike COX-2 which is primarily induced during inflammation, COX-1 functions continuously under normal physiological conditions. The enzyme is the target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Genetic variations in PTGS1 can influence individual responses to these medications and may affect susceptibility to cardiovascular events and gastrointestinal complications. Understanding PTGS1 variants helps predict drug efficacy and potential adverse effects, enabling more personalized approaches to pain management and anti-inflammatory therapy.