Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms, including irregular periods, high levels of male hormones (androgens), and small fluid-filled sacs (cysts) on the ovaries.
The exact cause of PCOS is not known, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Insulin resistance, which can lead to high levels of insulin in the body, is also believed to play a role in the development of PCOS.
Symptoms of PCOS may include:
- Irregular periods or no periods at all
- Heavy bleeding during periods
- Excess facial and body hair
- Acne
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Fatigue
- Mood changes such as depression or anxiety
- Infertility or difficulty getting pregnant
Diagnosis of PCOS involves a combination of medical history, physical exam, and blood tests to measure hormone levels. Ultrasound imaging may also be used to check for cysts on the ovaries.
Treatment for PCOS varies depending on the individual and their symptoms. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and regular exercise can be helpful in managing symptoms, particularly in cases where weight gain is a factor. Hormonal contraceptives such as birth control pills can help regulate periods and reduce androgen levels. In cases of infertility, medications such as clomiphene or letrozole may be prescribed to stimulate ovulation.
Managing insulin resistance through diet and medication can also be effective in managing PCOS symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove ovarian cysts or to induce ovulation. It is important to work with a healthcare professional to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual's specific needs.
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