Gene SULT2A1
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Also known as
DHEA-ST, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfotransferase, STD, HSTOverview
SULT2A1 (Sulfotransferase Family 2A Member 1) encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of various endogenous and exogenous compounds, with particular affinity for hydroxysteroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnenolone. Sulfation by SULT2A1 is a major metabolic pathway that generally results in the inactivation and increased water solubility of these compounds, facilitating their excretion. The enzyme plays a crucial role in steroid hormone homeostasis, bile acid metabolism, and the detoxification of xenobiotics. SULT2A1 is highly expressed in the liver and adrenal glands, where it regulates the bioavailability and biological activity of steroid hormones and their precursors.Genetic variants in SULT2A1 can significantly affect enzyme activity and substrate specificity, influencing individual differences in steroid hormone levels, drug metabolism, and susceptibility to hormone-related conditions. Polymorphisms that reduce SULT2A1 activity may lead to elevated levels of unconjugated DHEA and other steroid precursors, potentially affecting androgen and estrogen balance. This has implications for various health outcomes including adrenal function, sexual development, cardiovascular health, and cancer risk. SULT2A1 also metabolizes various drugs and environmental chemicals, making genetic variation in this gene relevant to pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine approaches for optimizing hormone balance and minimizing adverse drug reactions.