Also known as
Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2, IGRP, Islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein
Overview
G6PC2 (Glucose-6-Phosphatase Catalytic Subunit 2) is a gene that encodes an islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit expressed primarily in pancreatic beta cells. Unlike G6PC, which is expressed in liver and kidney, G6PC2 is specifically expressed in pancreatic islets where it plays a role in regulating insulin secretion. The enzyme hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose, functioning as a negative regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by reducing intracellular glucose-6-phosphate levels. This modulates the glucose threshold for insulin release. Common genetic variants in G6PC2 are strongly associated with fasting blood glucose levels in the general population. The most studied variant (rs560887) is associated with slightly higher fasting glucose levels but does not increase diabetes risk and may actually be protective. Understanding G6PC2 variants can provide insights into individual differences in glucose homeostasis, fasting glucose levels, and beta cell function, which is relevant for metabolic health and diabetes risk assessment.
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