Also known as
Cyclooxygenase-2, PTGS2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Overview
COX2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), also known as PTGS2, is a gene that encodes the inducible form of cyclooxygenase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Unlike COX-1, which is constitutively expressed in most tissues, COX-2 expression is induced by inflammatory stimuli, growth factors, and cytokines. The enzyme plays a central role in inflammation, pain, and fever responses. COX-2 produces prostaglandins that mediate inflammation and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes including immune responses, wound healing, and cancer development. COX-2 is also expressed in the kidneys, brain, and reproductive tissues where it serves important homeostatic functions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) work by inhibiting COX enzymes, and selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed to reduce inflammation while minimizing gastrointestinal side effects. Genetic variants in COX2 have been associated with differences in inflammatory responses, pain perception, and cancer risk, particularly colorectal cancer.
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