Endometriosis is a medical condition where tissue that normally grows inside the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of it, causing inflammation, pain, and in some cases, infertility. This tissue can grow on other organs in the pelvic region, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and lining of the pelvis.
Symptoms of endometriosis may include:
- Painful periods
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Pain during or after sex
- Infertility
- Heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods
- Digestive issues such as diarrhea, constipation, or nausea
- Fatigue
The exact cause of endometriosis is unknown, but it is believed to be related to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. When the lining of the uterus breaks down during menstruation, the endometrial tissue that has grown outside of the uterus can also bleed, causing inflammation and pain.
Diagnosis of endometriosis involves a combination of medical history, physical exam, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. In some cases, a laparoscopy procedure may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and remove any abnormal tissue.
Treatment for endometriosis can include pain relief medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormonal therapies such as birth control pills or other types of hormonal contraceptives, or surgical removal of the abnormal tissue. In cases where fertility is a concern, fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended.
It is important to work with a healthcare professional to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual's specific needs, as endometriosis can be a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.
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