Grape Seed Extract Information

1) Conditions Studied

Grape seed extract has been studied for a variety of health conditions, including but not limited to:

• Cardiovascular diseases
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol levels
• Chronic venous insufficiency
• Poor circulation
• Diabetes-related complications
• Certain types of cancer
• Inflammation and oxidative stress

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

While grape seed extract is believed to have potential health benefits, the scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness for treating specific conditions is mixed and sometimes conflicting. More research is needed to conclusively determine its efficacy.

3) Health Benefits

The potential health benefits of grape seed extract include:

• Antioxidant properties that can protect against oxidative stress and damage
• Improved cardiovascular health and circulation
• Anti-inflammatory effects
• Support for healthy blood pressure levels
• Enhancement of bone strength and health
• Possible anti-cancer properties

4) Downsides

Despite the potential benefits, grape seed extract can also have downsides, such as:

• Interactions with certain medications, particularly blood thinners
• Possible allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to grapes
• Side effects such as headache, itchy scalp, dizziness, or nausea
• Lack of regulation in the supplement industry, leading to possible quality and dosage inconsistencies

5) Impact on Genetic Variations

Research into the effects of grape seed extract on specific genetic variations is ongoing. Some evidence suggests that individuals with certain genetic profiles may experience more pronounced benefits or risks, but no definitive conclusions can currently be made. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional before taking grape seed extract, especially for those with known genetic susceptibilities or conditions.

Grape Seed Extract (GSE) and Its Health Implications

Grape Seed Extract and Cancer: GSE was found to inhibit aromatase activity, which is beneficial for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. It also reduced the growth of tumors in a specific breast cancer cell model. Additionally, GSE showed potential in preventing intestinal polyps and colorectal cancer in mice by reducing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis.

GSE and Diabetes Management: GSE showed promising results in reducing α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, which are crucial for starch digestion, thus aiding in diabetes management. It also exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on human macrophages and adipocytes, potentially reducing insulin resistance.

Antioxidant Properties: Studies confirmed that proanthocyanidins from GSE are absorbed into the human bloodstream and have antioxidative benefits, such as reducing the buildup of lipid peroxides. GSE enhanced the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and protected against oxidative damage.

Cardiovascular Health: GSE contributed to cardiovascular benefits by protecting against UV radiation-induced erythema, improving symptoms in asthma patients, and exhibiting mild antihypertensive effects. Clinical trials suggested GSE could improve vascular function and reduce leg swelling in sedentary individuals.

Weight Management: GSE may help reduce daily energy consumption and has been shown to inhibit lipase activity, suggesting a role in weight management.

Skin Health: Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich GSE effectively reduced hyperpigmentation in women with chloasma, with the maximum effect achieved at six months.

Safety: GSE was deemed safe for use in food, showing no signs of acute or subchronic oral toxicity or mutagenicity in various tests.

Clinical Research: The evidence supports multiple physiological benefits of GSE, but ongoing clinical research is needed to confirm and expand upon these findings.

References:

1. Analysis of Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in food samples by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)
2. A review of the French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol), a herbal medication with a diverse clinical pharmacology
3. Grape seed extract is an aromatase inhibitor and a suppressor of aromatase expression
4. Grape seed and tea extracts and catechin 3-gallates are potent inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity
5. Polyphenol-rich grape powder extract (GPE) attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media
6. Procyanidin B1 is detected in human serum after intake of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract
7. The absorption, metabolism and excretion of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins following the ingestion of a grape seed extract by rats
8. Apple procyanidin oligomers absorption in rats after oral administration: analysis of procyanidins in plasma using the porter method and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
9. Procyanidin dimers A1, A2, and B2 are absorbed without conjugation or methylation from the small intestine of rats
10. Absorption and urinary excretion of procyanidin B2 [epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin] in rats
11. Procyanidins are not bioavailable in rats fed a single meal containing a grapeseed extract or the procyanidin dimer B3
12. Urinary excretion and metabolism of procyanidins in pigs
13. Bioavailability of procyanidin dimers and trimers and matrix food effects in in vitro and in vivo models
14. Supplementation with grape seed polyphenols results in increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic Acid, an important metabolite of proanthocyanidins in humans
15. Suppression of estrogen biosynthesis by procyanidin dimers in red wine and grape seeds
16. Synthesis of androst-5-en-7-ones and androsta-3,5-dien-7-ones and their related 7-deoxy analogs as conformational and catalytic probes for the active site of aromatase
17. Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidin fractions from defatted grape seed in PC12 cells
18. Effects of grape seed-derived polyphenols on amyloid beta-protein self-assembly and cytotoxicity
19. Grape-derived polyphenolics prevent Abeta oligomerization and attenuate cognitive deterioration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
20. Isolation and characteristics of lactic acid bacteria from koshu vineyards in Japan
21. Differential neuroprotective activity of two different grape seed extracts
22. Effects of grape seed polyphenols on oxidative damage in liver tissue of acutely and chronically exercised rats
23. Effects of grape seed extract supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in rats
24. Grape seed extract enhances eNOS expression and NO production through regulating calcium-mediated AKT phosphorylation in H2O2-treated endothelium
25. Grape seed proanthocyanidins protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia and reperfusion injury via Akt-NOS signaling
26. Mechanism of the endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by a grape seed extract
27. Effects of grape seed extract consumption on platelet function in postmenopausal women
28. Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin on Cardiovascular and Endothelial Parameters in High-Risk Subjects
29. Proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract reduces leg swelling in healthy women during prolonged sitting
30. Effects of grape seed extract in Type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk: a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity
31. Effect of grape seed extract on blood pressure in subjects with the metabolic syndrome
32. Beneficial effects of grape seed extract on malondialdehyde-modified LDL
33. The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
34. The combination of vitamin C and grape-seed polyphenols increases blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
35. Oligomeric procyanidins of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) effectively inhibit alpha-glucosidase
36. Grape seed procyanidins improve β-cell functionality under lipotoxic conditions due to their lipid-lowering effect
37. Effects of a grapeseed procyanidin extract (GSPE) on insulin resistance
38. Grape seed and skin extract prevents high-fat diet-induced brain lipotoxicity in rat
39. Pancreatic islet proteome profile in Zucker fatty rats chronically treated with a grape seed procyanidin extract
40. Proteomic identification of carboxypeptidase E connects lipid-induced beta-cell apoptosis and dysfunction in type 2 diabetes
41. Heat shock proteins, cellular chaperones that modulate mitochondrial cell death pathways
42. GRP94 reduces cell death in SH-SY5Y cells perturbated calcium homeostasis
43. Oligomers of grape-seed procyanidin extract activate the insulin receptor and key targets of the insulin signaling pathway differently from insulin
44. Metabolic fate of glucose on 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with grape seed-derived procyanidin extract (GSPE). Comparison with the effects of insulin
45. Grape seed extract supplementation prevents high-fructose diet-induced insulin resistance in rats by improving insulin and adiponectin signalling pathways
46. The effect of grape-seed extract on 24 h energy intake in humans
47. Inhibitory effects of grape seed extract on lipases
48. Low doses of grape seed procyanidins reduce adiposity and improve the plasma lipid profile in hamsters
49. Grape-seed derived procyanidins interfere with adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells at the onset of differentiation
50. Grape-seed procyanidins modulate inflammation on human differentiated adipocytes in vitro
51. Grape seed-derived procyanidins have an antihyperglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and insulinomimetic activity in insulin-sensitive cell lines
52. Grape seed extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity and heart dysfunction by preventing cardiac siderosis
53. Tannins: current knowledge of food sources, intake, bioavailability and biological effects
54. Antioxidant effects of a grapeseed procyanidin extract and oleoyl-estrone in obese Zucker rats
55. Grape-seed procyanidins act as antiinflammatory agents in endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting NFkB signaling pathway
56. Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins against oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharides of periodontopathogens
57. Proanthocyanidins from grape seeds modulates the nuclear factor-kappa B signal transduction pathways in rats with TNBS-induced recurrent ulcerative colitis
58. Effects of proanthocyanidins from grape seed on treatment of recurrent ulcerative colitis in rats
59. Therapeutic effect and mechanism of proanthocyanidins from grape seeds in rats with TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis
60. Dietary feeding of grape seed extract prevents intestinal tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ mice
61. Inhibition of inflammatory mediators by polyphenolic plant extracts in human intestinal Caco-2 cells
62. Grape-seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate contact hypersensitivity induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro
63. Effects of polyphenolic antioxidants on exercise-induced oxidative stress
64. An evaluation of the antioxidant activity of a standardized grape seed extract, Leucoselect
65. Effect of the intake of resveratrol, resveratrol phosphate, and catechin-rich grape seed extract on markers of oxidative stress and gene expression in adult obese subjects
66. The effect of grape seed extract on estrogen levels of postmenopausal women: a pilot study
67. Effects of marjoram volatile oil and grape seed extract on ethanol toxicity in male rats
68. Novel oligomeric proanthocyanidin derivatives interact with membrane androgen sites and induce regression of hormone-independent prostate cancer
69. Monomeric and oligomeric flavanols are agonists of membrane androgen receptors
70. Effects of grape seed extract, vitamin C, and vitamin e on ethanol- and aspirin-induced ulcers
71. The cytotoxic effects of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on cultured human cancer cells
72. Antitumor-promoting effects of polyphenolic extracts from seedless and seeded Indian grapes
73. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract reduces renal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats
74. Anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in preventing cyclosporine A-induced nephropathy
75. The effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in preventing amikacin-induced nephropathy
76. Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins and selected antioxidants against TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice
77. Renoprotective effect of grape seeds extract in ethylene glycol induced nephrotoxic mice
78. Cisplatin induced damage in kidney genomic DNA and nephrotoxicity in male rats: the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract
79. Renoprotective effect of grape seed extract against oxidative stress induced by gentamicin and hypercholesterolemia in rats
80. Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on oxidative stress induced by diabetes in rat kidney
81. Grape seed proanthocyanidins ameliorate diabetic nephropathy via modulation of levels of AGE, RAGE and CTGF
82. Protective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts on cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through modulating AGEs/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway
83. Cardioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts in streptozocin induced diabetic rats
84. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects triggered by Grape Seed Extract (GSE) versus epigallocatechin and procyanidins on colon cancer cell lines
85. Resveratrol potentiates grape seed extract induced human colon cancer cell apoptosis
86. Chemoprevention by grape seed extract and genistein in carcinogen-induced mammary cancer in rats is diet dependent
87. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase II trial of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in patients with radiation-induced breast induration
88. Generation of reactive oxygen species by grape seed extract causes irreparable DNA damage leading to G2/M arrest and apoptosis selectively in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
89. Effect of a novel dietary supplement on skin aging in post-menopausal women
90. Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves chloasma
91. Safety evaluation of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds

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