Elderberry - NutraPedia

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Elderberry Facts

1) Studied Conditions

Elderberry has been studied for its potential effects on various conditions, including:

Common cold and flu (influenza)
Sinus infections
Immune system enhancement
Inflammation
Heart health

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

Research on elderberry is still ongoing, and while some studies have suggested that it may reduce the duration and symptoms of the common cold and flu, the evidence is not conclusive. For other conditions, there is less scientific support, and more research is needed to determine its effectiveness.

3) Health Benefits

Elderberry is believed to have several health benefits, including:

Boosting the immune system
Providing high levels of antioxidants
Potentially reducing inflammation
Potentially helping to alleviate allergies
Possibly contributing to cardiovascular health

4) Potential Downsides

While elderberry is generally considered safe when used appropriately, there are some potential downsides, such as:

Allergic reactions in some individuals
Possible gastrointestinal disturbances
Unripe or raw elderberries, leaves, and other parts of the plant contain toxic substances and should not be consumed
Interactions with certain medications, such as diuretics or diabetes drugs

5) Genetic Variations and Elderberry

There is limited research on the interaction between elderberry and specific genetic variations. As with any supplement, individual responses can vary widely, and some genetic profiles may respond differently to the compounds found in elderberry. If you have a known genetic variation that affects metabolism or immune response, consult with a healthcare provider before using elderberry supplements.

Elderberry in Clinical Trials and Health Research

Upper Respiratory Symptoms and Safe Alternative to Antibiotics

A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials highlighted the significant reduction of upper respiratory symptoms through elderberry supplementation. This suggests that elderberry (Sambucus nigra) could be a safer alternative to antibiotics and over-the-counter drugs for common cold and influenza.

Elderberry and Air Travel Symptoms

Comprehensive reviews of studies on air travel-related symptoms revealed that, among various ingredients, only a few like melatonin and Pycnogenol were supported by evidence. Elderberry was among the ingredients evaluated, but the meta-analysis did not specifically conclude on its efficacy for air travel symptoms.

Cardiovascular Health and Organ Function

A study on postmenopausal women found that high doses of elderberry anthocyanins did not significantly change cardiovascular disease risk markers or affect liver and kidney function, suggesting safety in chronic consumption but no clear effect on CVD risk factors.

Hand Eczema Treatment

Elderberry showed effectiveness comparable to hydrocortisone in treating hand eczema, with a notably better improvement in quality of life, indicating its potential as an alternative topical treatment.

Periodontal Health Maintenance

Sambucus williamsii var. coreana extract in a mouthwash demonstrated significant improvements in periodontal health indices and increased antibacterial effects, making it a promising option for periodontal disease prevention.

Elderberry Juice and Serum Lipids

Research on the effects of elderberry juice on serum cholesterol and triglycerides showed only minor, non-significant changes, suggesting that higher doses might be necessary to achieve significant lipid-lowering effects.

Influenza Treatment in Emergency Room Patients

A study found no evidence that elderberry extract benefits the duration or severity of influenza symptoms, challenging previous research and suggesting the need for further studies.

Elderberry and COVID-19

Reviews on elderberry's use during the COVID-19 pandemic showed unclear evidence for preventing the common cold or reducing its severity and duration. While elderberry may be safe, more research is needed to establish definitive benefits and risks.

Immune Health Support

A systematic review on the effectiveness of dietary supplements including elderberry for immune health in healthy individuals highlighted significant research gaps, emphasizing the need for further studies.

Metabolic Health Impact

Elderberry juice consumption increased carbohydrate oxidation but did not impact insulin sensitivity, suggesting a nuanced effect on metabolic health.

Regulatory Landscape and Safety

Elderberry's regulatory landscape in the United States is characterized by a lack of extensive pre-marketing approval from the FDA, with manufacturers responsible for safety. However, clinical results from one elderberry product may not apply to others, underscoring the importance of third-party quality verification.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties

Elderberry is noted for its high content of anthocyanins, contributing to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This has been linked to a host of health benefits, including potential anti-diabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and immune-stimulatory effects.

Female Reproductive Health

Limited research suggests that elderberry substances like rutin and anthocyanins may enhance ovarian cell health, suggesting potential applications in reproductive functions and in preventing and treating reproductive disorders.

Herbal Compounds Against Coronaviruses

Some herbal compounds, including Sambucus extract, have been identified with potential antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, indicating a need for more research on their effects.

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