Cannabis - NutraPedia

Back to Table of Contents

Cannabis: An Overview of Its Medical Implications

1. Conditions Studied for Cannabis Treatment

Cannabis has been studied for a variety of medical conditions, including but not limited to:

  • Chronic pain
  • Epilepsy and seizure disorders
  • Multiple sclerosis (spasticity)
  • Nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy
  • Appetite loss and weight loss associated with HIV/AIDS
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn's and ulcerative colitis)
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Glaucoma

2. Efficacy of Cannabis in Treating Conditions

While research is ongoing, studies have shown mixed results depending on the condition:

  • For chronic pain and multiple sclerosis, patients have reported symptom relief.
  • Evidence suggests that certain cannabinoids can reduce seizures in some forms of epilepsy.
  • Cannabis can be effective in reducing nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy and improving appetite in HIV/AIDS patients.
  • Its efficacy for mental health conditions such as anxiety and PTSD is still under investigation, with some studies suggesting potential benefits and others indicating possible risks.

3. Health Benefits of Cannabis

Cannabis contains compounds known as cannabinoids that can offer various health benefits, including:

  • Analgesic effects for pain management
  • Anti-inflammatory properties
  • Neuroprotective properties which could be beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases
  • Anti-emetic effects helpful in treating nausea
  • Appetite stimulation
  • Anxiolytic effects that may help with anxiety

4. Downsides of Cannabis

Despite its potential benefits, cannabis also has several downsides:

  • Potential for abuse and dependency
  • Short-term impairments in memory, coordination, and judgment
  • Possible exacerbation of mental health disorders
  • Respiratory issues associated with smoking cannabis
  • Risk of increased heart rate and potential cardiovascular problems

5. Cannabis Interactions with Genetic Variations

Research into how genetic variations affect responses to cannabis is still in its early stages. However, some studies suggest that:

  • Genetic differences in cannabinoid receptors (such as CNR1) may influence an individual's response to cannabis.
  • Specific genetic profiles may predispose individuals to cannabis use disorder.
  • Metabolic differences affecting how cannabinoids are processed in the body could lead to variations in effects and side effects.

More research is needed to understand these interactions fully and how they might impact therapeutic uses of cannabis.

Impact of Cannabis on Male Fertility and Hormonal Health

Cannabis consumption has been linked to various hormonal changes in males, potentially affecting fertility and overall hormonal health. Key findings from research in this area include:

  • Chronic cannabis use may lead to a suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, resulting in decreased levels of hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone.
  • Cannabinoids, including THC and CBN, can directly affect the function of Leydig cells in the testes, impairing testosterone production.
  • Cannabis components have been shown to interact with androgen receptors in rat prostate tissues, indicating potential anti-androgenic effects.
  • Cannabis use may inhibit the growth-promoting effects of testosterone on male accessory sex organs.
  • Long-term cannabis use can lead to changes in the expression of genes related to glucose transport and insulin signaling in human adipocytes.
  • Exposure to cannabis during adolescence may lead to persistent cognitive impairments affecting specific cognitive functions such as spatial working memory.

These findings suggest that cannabis can have a significant impact on male reproductive health and hormone regulation, with implications for fertility and metabolic processes.

References:


  1. First identification of drugs in Egyptian mummies
  2. Effects of chronic bhang (cannabis) administration on the reproductive system of male mice
  3. Chemistry, metabolism, and toxicology of cannabis: clinical implications
  4. Cannabinoid ester constituents from high-potency Cannabis sativa
  5. Medical marijuana in HIV-positive patients: what do we know?
  6. The legal status of medical marijuana
  7. Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids
  8. Isolation and characterization of new Cannabis constituents from a high potency variety
  9. Isolation and characterization of (+)-cannabitriol and (-)-10-ethoxy-9-hydroxy-delta 6a[10a]-tetrahydrocannabinol: two new cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. extract
  10. (+/-)9,10-Dihydroxy-delta6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol and (+/-)8,9-dihydroxy-delta6a(10a)-tetrahydrocannabinol: 2 new cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L
  11. Psychopharmacological activity of some substances extracted from Cannabis sativa L (hashish)
  12. Strong increase in total delta-THC in cannabis preparations sold in Dutch coffee shops
  13. Potency trends of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008
  14. Potency trends of delta9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated marijuana from 1980-1997
  15. The essential oil of Cannabis sativa
  16. The volatile oil composition of fresh and air-dried buds of Cannabis sativa
  17. Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid
  18. Non-cannabinoid constituents from a high potency Cannabis sativa variety
  19. An efficient new cannabinoid antiemetic in pediatric oncology
  20. Cannabis in sport: anti-doping perspective
  21. Practical challenges to positive drug tests for marijuana
  22. Active and realistic passive marijuana exposure tested by three immunoassays and GC/MS in urine
  23. Passive inhalation of marijuana smoke: urinalysis and room air levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
  24. Passive inhalation of marihuana smoke and urinary excretion of cannabinoids
  25. Passive inhalation of cannabis smoke
  26. Marijuana effects and urinalysis after passive inhalation and oral ingestion
  27. Contact highs and urinary cannabinoid excretion after passive exposure to marijuana smoke
  28. Human skin permeation of Delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol
  29. In vitro experiment optimization for measuring tetrahydrocannabinol skin permeation
  30. In vitro/in vivo correlation studies for transdermal delta 8-THC development
  31. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids
  32. Clinical effects and plasma levels of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) in heavy and light users of cannabis
  33. Single dose kinetics of deuterium labelled delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol in heavy and light cannabis users
  34. Stability, transfer and absorption of cannabinoid constituents of cannabis (hashish) during smoking
  35. Metabolism, disposition, and kinetics of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in men and women
  36. Forensic aspects of the metabolism and excretion of cannabinoids following oral ingestion of cannabis resin
  37. Do plasma concentrations of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol reflect the degree of intoxication?
  38. Plasma delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations and clinical effects after oral and intravenous administration and smoking
  39. Systemic absorption of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol after ophthalmic administration to the rabbit
  40. Pharmacokinetics of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rabbits following single or multiple intravenous doses
  41. Binding of delta-1-tetrahydrocannabinol to human plasma proteins
  42. Fate of 14C-delta1-THC in rat plasma after intravenous injection and smoking
  43. Distribution of tritiated-1 delta 9tetrahydrocannabinol in rat tissues after inhalation
  44. Determination of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol in human fat biopsies from marihuana users by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  45. Plasma concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in dams and fetuses following acute or multiple prenatal dosing in rats
  46. 3H-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol distribution in pregnant dogs and their fetuses
  47. Plasma delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in pregnant sheep and fetus after inhalation of smoke from a marijuana cigarette
  48. Presence of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human milk
  49. Metabolism of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol by cytochrome P450 isozymes purified from hepatic microsomes of monkeys
  50. Cytochrome P-450 isozymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol by liver microsomes of adult female rats
  51. Involvement of CYP2C in the metabolism of cannabinoids by human hepatic microsomes from an old woman
  52. Comparative in vitro metabolism of the cannabinoids
  53. In vitro metabolism of tetrahydrocannabinol by rhesus monkey liver and human liver
  54. Tolerance and disposition of tetrahydrocannabinol in man
  55. Identification in human urine of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid glucuronide: a tetrahydrocannabinol metabolite
  56. Metabolism and distribution of cannabinoids in rats after different methods of administration
  57. Blood cannabinoids. I. Absorption of THC and formation of 11-OH-THC and THCCOOH during and after smoking marijuana
  58. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: metabolism and disposition in long-term marihuana smokers
  59. Excretion patterns of cannabinoid metabolites after last use in a group of chronic users
  60. Review of biologic matrices (urine, blood, hair) as indicators of recent or ongoing cannabis use
  61. Hair analysis for Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A--new insights into the mechanism of drug incorporation of cannabinoids into hair
  62. Tobacco and cannabis smoking cessation can lead to intoxication with clozapine or olanzapine
  63. Impact of tobacco smoking cessation on stable clozapine or olanzapine treatment
  64. Characterization of major phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol and cannabinol, as isoform-selective and potent inhibitors of human CYP1 enzymes
  65. Cannabidiol is a potent inhibitor of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2C19
  66. Comparison in the in vitro inhibitory effects of major phytocannabinoids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in marijuana smoke on cytochrome P450 2C9 activity
  67. Cannabidiol, a major phytocannabinoid, as a potent atypical inhibitor for CYP2D6
  68. Induction and genetic regulation of mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 by cannabidiol
  69. Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of tetrahydrocannabinols and cannabinol by human hepatic microsomes
  70. Potent inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A isoforms by cannabidiol: role of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the resorcinol moiety
  71. Selective inactivation of mouse liver cytochrome P-450IIIA by cannabidiol
  72. Characterization of cannabidiol-mediated cytochrome P450 inactivation
  73. Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11)
  74. Role of human cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5 in the metabolism of taxotere and its derivatives: enzyme specificity, interindividual distribution and metabolic contribution in human liver
  75. Medicinal cannabis does not influence the clinical pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and docetaxel
  76. Myocardial infarction following the combined recreational use of Viagra and cannabis
  77. The effects of cannabinoids on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir and nelfinavir
  78. Cannabis smoke condensate III: the cannabinoid content of vaporised Cannabis sativa
  79. Acute Pharmacokinetic Profile of Smoked and Vaporized Cannabis in Human Blood and Oral Fluid
  80. Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis administration
  81. Plasma cannabinoid pharmacokinetics following controlled oral delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and oromucosal cannabis extract administration
  82. A phase I study to assess the single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of THC/CBD oromucosal spray
  83. PTL401, a New Formulation Based on Pro-Nano Dispersion Technology, Improves Oral Cannabinoids Bioavailability in Healthy Volunteers
  84. Novel Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol formulation Namisol® has beneficial pharmacokinetics and promising pharmacodynamic effects
  85. Oral nabilone capsules in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and pain
  86. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC plasma pharmacokinetics during and after continuous high-dose oral THC
  87. The analgesic effect of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), morphine, and a THC-morphine combination in healthy subjects under experimental pain conditions
  88. Blunts versus joints: Cannabis use characteristics and consequences among treatment-seeking adults
  89. A comparison of drug use and dependence between blunt smokers and other cannabis users
  90. Butane hash oil and dabbing: insights into use, amateur production techniques, and potential harm mitigation
  91. A preliminary investigation of lung availability of cannabinoids by smoking marijuana or dabbing BHO and decarboxylation rate of THC- and CBD-acids
  92. A Little Dab Will Do: A Case of Cannabis-Induced Psychosis
  93. A case of butane hash oil (marijuana wax)-induced psychosis
  94. Cannabis-induced psychosis associated with high potency "wax dabs"
  95. Associations between butane hash oil use and cannabis-related problems
  96. User characteristics and effect profile of Butane Hash Oil: An extremely high-potency cannabis concentrate
  97. A little "dab" will do ya' in: a case report of neuro-and cardiotoxicity following use of cannabis concentrates
  98. To Dab or Not to Dab: Rising Concerns Regarding the Toxicity of Cannabis Concentrates
  99. Toxicant Formation in Dabbing: The Terpene Story
  100. Lung injury from inhaling butane hash oil mimics pneumonia
  101. Cannabis Butane Hash Oil Dabbing Induced Lung Injury Mimicking Atypical Pneumonia
  102. Vaping Cannabis Butane Hash Oil Leads to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome-A Case of EVALI in a Teenager With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
  103. International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of cannabinoid receptors
  104. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in endocrine regulation and energy balance
  105. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated modulation of evoked dopamine release and of adenylyl cyclase activity in the human neocortex
  106. CB(1) cannabinoid receptors and their associated proteins
  107. Role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and Gi/o protein activation in the modulation of synaptosomal Na+,K+-ATPase activity by WIN55,212-2 and delta(9)-THC
  108. Activator of G protein signaling 3 regulates opiate activation of protein kinase A signaling and relapse of heroin-seeking behavior
  109. Concurrent stimulation of cannabinoid CB1 and dopamine D2 receptors augments cAMP accumulation in striatal neurons: evidence for a Gs linkage to the CB1 receptor
  110. The cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 increases intracellular calcium via CB1 receptor coupling to Gq/11 G proteins
  111. Agonist-dependent cannabinoid receptor signalling in human trabecular meshwork cells
  112. CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation produces antinociception by stimulating peripheral release of endogenous opioids
  113. Ligand- and heterodimer-directed signaling of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor
  114. Cannabinoid pharmacology: implications for additional cannabinoid receptor subtypes
  115. Evidence for novel cannabinoid receptors
  116. The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor
  117. Receptor-independent actions of cannabinoids on cell membranes: focus on endocannabinoids
  118. Recent advances in Cys-loop receptor structure and function
  119. Sex differences in the cannabinoid modulation of an A-type K+ current in neurons of the mammalian hypothalamus
  120. Co-expression of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.4 with transient receptor potential channels (TRPV1 and TRPV2) and the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons
  121. Role of cyclic AMP in the actions of cannabinoid receptors
  122. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor of cat cerebral arterial muscle functions to inhibit L-type Ca2+ channel current
  123. Rat brain cannabinoid receptor modulates N-type Ca2+ channels in a neuronal expression system
  124. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits calcium currents as a partial agonist in N18 neuroblastoma cells
  125. Inhibition of recombinant human T-type calcium channels by Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol
  126. The transient receptor potential family of ion channels
  127. Cannabinoids desensitize capsaicin and mustard oil responses in sensory neurons via TRPA1 activation
  128. New perspectives on enigmatic vanilloid receptors
  129. Activation of transient receptor potential A1 channels by mustard oil, tetrahydrocannabinol and Ca2+ reveals different functional channel states
  130. Human cannabinoid pharmacokinetics
  131. The role of endogenous molecules in modulating pain through transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)
  132. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its major metabolite Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-11-oic acid as 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors
  133. Cannabidiol-2',6'-dimethyl ether, a cannabidiol derivative, is a highly potent and selective 15-lipoxygenase inhibitor
  134. Identification of cannabinoid receptors in cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells
  135. Co-localized adenosine A1 and gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptors of cerebellum may share a common adenylate cyclase catalytic unit
  136. Pre- and postsynaptic determinants of EPSC waveform at cerebellar climbing fiber and parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses
  137. Cannabinoid receptor agonists inhibit glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal cultures
  138. Long-term administration of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol desensitizes CB1-, adenosine A1-, and GABAB-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in mouse cerebellum
  139. Regulation of hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptor actions by adenosine A1 receptors and chronic caffeine administration: implications for the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on spatial memory
  140. Chronic delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol treatment produces a time-dependent loss of cannabinoid receptors and cannabinoid receptor-activated G proteins in rat brain
  141. Effects of chronic treatment with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS autoradiography in rat brain
  142. Cannabinoid receptor down-regulation without alteration of the inhibitory effect of CP 55,940 on adenylyl cyclase in the cerebellum of CP 55,940-tolerant mice
  143. Involvement of the cerebellar adenosine A(1) receptor in cannabinoid-induced motor incoordination in the acute and tolerant state in mice
  144. Adenosine receptor ligands: differences with acute versus chronic treatment
  145. 1 -tetrahydrocannabinol, synhexyl and marijuana extract administered orally in man: catecholamine excretion, plasma cortisol levels and platelet serotonin content
  146. Agmatine, the bacterial amine, is widely distributed in mammalian tissues
  147. Immunohistochemical distribution of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the rat central nervous system
  148. Immunohistochemical localization of the neural cannabinoid receptor in rat brain
  149. Immunocytochemical localization of an imidazoline receptor protein in the central nervous system
  150. Agmatine containing axon terminals in rat hippocampus form synapses on pyramidal cells
  151. Agmatine enhances cannabinoid action in the hot-plate assay of thermal nociception
  152. Aminoalkylindole analogs: cannabimimetic activity of a class of compounds structurally distinct from delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol
  153. Agmatine and a cannabinoid agonist, WIN 55212-2, interact to produce a hypothermic synergy
  154. Cannabinoid receptors: nomenclature and pharmacological principles
  155. Agonist selective regulation of G proteins by cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors
  156. Constitutive endocytic cycle of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor
  157. Internalization and recycling of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor
  158. Pharmacological characterization of three novel cannabinoid receptor agonists in the mouse isolated vas deferens
  159. Cannabidiol displays unexpectedly high potency as an antagonist of CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists in vitro
  160. The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delta9-tetrahydrocannabivarin
  161. Does Cannabidiol Protect Against Adverse Psychological Effects of THC?
  162. Chronic use of marijuana decreases cannabinoid receptor binding and mRNA expression in the human brain
  163. Effects of chronic exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid receptor binding and mRNA levels in several rat brain regions
  164. Microglial activation underlies cerebellar deficits produced by repeated cannabis exposure
  165. Differential effects of endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids on alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in Xenopus Oocytes
  166. The endogenous cannabinoid anandamide inhibits alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in Xenopus oocytes
  167. Additive effects of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and ethanol on alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in Xenopus Oocytes
  168. The endocannabinoid anandamide inhibits the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
  169. Effects of anandamide on the binding and signaling properties of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
  170. Interaction of anandamide with the M(1) and M(4) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
  171. Anandamides inhibit binding to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
  172. Functional crosstalk and heteromerization of serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors
  173. Dopamine D2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT(₂A) receptors assemble into functionally interacting heteromers
  174. Cannabinoid-induced enhanced interaction and protein levels of serotonin 5-HT(2A) and dopamine D₂ receptors in rat prefrontal cortex
  175. Cannabinoid-induced upregulation of serotonin 2A receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and anxiety-like behaviors in rats
  176. In utero marijuana exposure associated with abnormal amygdala dopamine D2 gene expression in the human fetus
  177. Alcohol dependence is associated with blunted dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum
  178. Amphetamine-induced dopamine release: markedly blunted in cocaine dependence and predictive of the choice to self-administer cocaine
  179. Decreased striatal dopaminergic responsiveness in detoxified cocaine-dependent subjects
  180. Cerebral glucose metabolism and D2/D3 receptor availability in young adults with cannabis dependence measured with positron emission tomography
  181. History of cannabis use is not associated with alterations in striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability
  182. Striatal D(2)/D(3) receptor availability is inversely correlated with cannabis consumption in chronic marijuana users
  183. The CB1 cannabinoid receptor is the major cannabinoid receptor at excitatory presynaptic sites in the hippocampus and cerebellum
  184. Endocannabinoid signaling in rat somatosensory cortex: laminar differences and involvement of specific interneuron types
  185. Interneurons of the hippocampus
  186. GABAergic interneurons are the targets of cannabinoid actions in the human hippocampus
  187. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol is a full agonist at CB1 receptors on GABA neuron axon terminals in the hippocampus
  188. Asynchronous release of GABA via tonic cannabinoid receptor activation at identified interneuron synapses in rat CA1
  189. The major central endocannabinoid directly acts at GABA(A) receptors
  190. Mechanisms of cannabinoid inhibition of GABA(A) synaptic transmission in the hippocampus
  191. Prolonged cannabinoid exposure alters GABA(A) receptor mediated synaptic function in cultured hippocampal neurons
  192. Prolonged exposure to WIN55,212-2 causes downregulation of the CB1 receptor and the development of tolerance to its anticonvulsant effects in the hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy
  193. The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review
  194. Acute cannabinoids impair working memory through astroglial CB1 receptor modulation of hippocampal LTD
  195. Reduced expression of glutamate receptors and phosphorylation of CREB are responsible for in vivo Delta9-THC exposure-impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity
  196. Cannabinoid receptor activation modifies NMDA receptor mediated release of intracellular calcium: implications for endocannabinoid control of hippocampal neural plasticity
  197. Δ9-THC-caused synaptic and memory impairments are mediated through COX-2 signaling
  198. CREB, memory enhancement and the treatment of memory disorders: promises, pitfalls and prospects
  199. Opposing actions of chronic Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinoid antagonists on hippocampal long-term potentiation
  200. Endocannabinoids mediate presynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic transmission in rat ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons through activation of CB1 receptors
  201. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 located on presynaptic terminals of principal neurons in the forebrain controls glutamatergic synaptic transmission
  202. HINT1 protein cooperates with cannabinoid 1 receptor to negatively regulate glutamate NMDA receptor activity
  203. The cannabinoid receptor 1 associates with NMDA receptors to produce glutamatergic hypofunction: implications in psychosis and schizophrenia
  204. Cannabinoid receptors couple to NMDA receptors to reduce the production of NO and the mobilization of zinc induced by glutamate
  205. Gz mediates the long-lasting desensitization of brain CB1 receptors and is essential for cross-tolerance with morphine
  206. Metabotropic and NMDA glutamate receptors participate in the cannabinoid-induced antinociception
  207. Dual Ca2+ modulation of glycinergic synaptic currents in rodent hypoglossal motoneurones
  208. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and endogenous cannabinoid anandamide directly potentiate the function of glycine receptors
  209. Arachidonic acid and anandamide have opposite modulatory actions at the glycine transporter, GLYT1a
  210. Cannabinoid potentiation of glycine receptors contributes to cannabis-induced analgesia
  211. A common molecular basis for exogenous and endogenous cannabinoid potentiation of glycine receptors
  212. CB1 receptor agonist and heroin, but not cocaine, reinstate cannabinoid-seeking behaviour in the rat
  213. Blockade of THC-seeking behavior and relapse in monkeys by the cannabinoid CB(1)-receptor antagonist rimonabant
  214. Functional interaction between opioid and cannabinoid receptors in drug self-administration
  215. Conditioned place preference induced by the cannabinoid agonist CP 55,940: interaction with the opioid system
  216. The opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces the reinforcing effects of Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in squirrel monkeys
  217. Adenosine A2a blockade prevents synergy between mu-opiate and cannabinoid CB1 receptors and eliminates heroin-seeking behavior in addicted rats
  218. CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist-induced opiate withdrawal in morphine-dependent rats
  219. Dependence on tetrahydrocannabinol in rhesus monkeys
  220. Interaction between naltrexone and oral THC in heavy marijuana smokers
  221. Opioid antagonism enhances marijuana's effects in heavy marijuana smokers
  222. Analgesic effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists
  223. The role of 5-HT3 receptors in drug abuse and as a target for pharmacotherapy
  224. 5HT(3) antagonism abolishes the emotion potentiated startle effect in humans
  225. The effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on 5-HT3 receptors depends on the current density
  226. Anandamide inhibition of 5-HT3A receptors varies with receptor density and desensitization
  227. Endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor on 5-HT3 receptor-mediated responses in Xenopus oocytes
  228. Coexistence of serotonin 3 (5-HT3) and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in interneurons of hippocampus and dentate gyrus
  229. Cannabinoid 2 receptor- and beta Arrestin 2-dependent upregulation of serotonin 2A receptors
  230. Cannabinoid receptor agonists upregulate and enhance serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor activity via ERK1/2 signaling
  231. Chronic blockade of cannabinoid CB2 receptors induces anxiolytic-like actions associated with alterations in GABA(A) receptors
  232. 5-HT2A receptors stimulate ACTH, corticosterone, oxytocin, renin, and prolactin release and activate hypothalamic CRF and oxytocin-expressing cells
  233. Altered responsiveness of serotonin receptor subtypes following long-term cannabinoid treatment
  234. Neurotrophins: roles in neuronal development and function
  235. In vivo up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in specific brain areas by chronic exposure to Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol
  236. Changes in the expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and beta-arrestins in mouse brain during cannabinoid tolerance: a role for RAS-ERK cascade
  237. Endocannabinoids regulate interneuron migration and morphogenesis by transactivating the TrkB receptor
  238. Preliminary evidence of cannabinoid effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in humans
  239. Microglia: biology and pathology
  240. Microglial cell origin and phenotypes in health and disease
  241. Cannabinoids and neuronal damage: differential effects of THC, AEA and 2-AG on activated microglial cells and degenerating neurons in excitotoxically lesioned rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures
  242. Microarray and pathway analysis reveal distinct mechanisms underlying cannabinoid-mediated modulation of LPS-induced activation of BV-2 microglial cells
  243. Cannabidiol reduces Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis through PPARγ involvement
  244. Cannabinoids go nuclear: evidence for activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
  245. Cardiovascular effects of prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion
  246. Cardiovascular effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: autonomic nervous mechanisms
  247. The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (cannabis) on cardiac performance with and without beta blockade
  248. Postural syncope after marijuana: a transcranial Doppler study of the hemodynamics
  249. Middle cerebral artery velocity during upright posture after marijuana smoking
  250. Time course of tetrahydrocannabinol-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow measured with positron emission tomography
  251. Regional cerebral blood flow after marijuana smoking
  252. Role of endocannabinoids and cannabinoid-1 receptors in cerebrocortical blood flow regulation
  253. Hemodynamic effects of cannabinoids: coronary and cerebral vasodilation mediated by cannabinoid CB(1) receptors
  254. Regional cerebral blood flow and depersonalization after tetrahydrocannabinol administration
  255. Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
  256. An examination of the central sites of action of cannabinoid-induced antinociception in the rat
  257. Expression of the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in distinct neuronal subpopulations in the adult mouse forebrain
  258. Dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers
  259. Amygdala activity contributes to the dissociative effect of cannabis on pain perception
  260. The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 mesylate blocks the development of hyperalgesia produced by capsaicin in rats
  261. Lack of analgesia by oral standardized cannabis extract on acute inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia in volunteers
  262. Sex-related hemispheric lateralization of amygdala function in emotionally influenced memory: an FMRI investigation
  263. Hemispheric lateralization of pain processing by amygdala neurons
  264. Hemispheric lateralization of a molecular signal for pain modulation in the amygdala
  265. Cannabinoid agonists attenuate capsaicin-induced responses in human skin
  266. Smoked cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial
  267. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain
  268. Low-dose vaporized cannabis significantly improves neuropathic pain
  269. Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
  270. Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized, crossover clinical trial
  271. Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions
  272. Ghrelin, the peripheral hunger hormone
  273. Recent Insights into the Role of Hypothalamic AMPK Signaling Cascade upon Metabolic Control
  274. AMP-activated protein kinase plays a role in the control of food intake
  275. The orexigenic effect of ghrelin is mediated through central activation of the endogenous cannabinoid system
  276. Ghrelin and cannabinoids require the ghrelin receptor to affect cellular energy metabolism
  277. Ghrelin-induced orexigenic effect in rats depends on the metabolic status and is counteracted by peripheral CB1 receptor antagonism
  278. Anti-obesity efficacy of LH-21, a cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist with poor brain penetration, in diet-induced obese rats
  279. Antiobesity effects of the novel in vivo neutral cannabinoid receptor antagonist 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-hexyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole--LH 21
  280. A pilot study of the effects of cannabis on appetite hormones in HIV-infected adult men
  281. Marijuana's dose-dependent effects in daily marijuana smokers
  282. The link between dopamine function and apathy in cannabis users: an [18F]-DOPA PET imaging study
  283. Cannabis and creativity: highly potent cannabis impairs divergent thinking in regular cannabis users
  284. The effects of cannabinoid administration on sleep: a systematic review of human studies
  285. Slow-wave sleep and the consolidation of long-term memory
  286. Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana
  287. Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on nocturnal sleep and early-morning behavior in young adults
  288. The endogenous cannabinoid system regulates seizure frequency and duration in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy
  289. Evidence for a physiological role of endocannabinoids in the modulation of seizure threshold and severity
  290. Activation of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor mediates the anticonvulsant properties of cannabinoids in the hippocampal neuronal culture models of acquired epilepsy and status epilepticus
  291. Endocannabinoids block status epilepticus in cultured hippocampal neurons
  292. Rethinking the excitotoxic ionic milieu: the emerging role of Zn(2+) in ischemic neuronal injury
  293. The NMDA receptor complex as a therapeutic target in epilepsy: a review
  294. Signaling pathways from cannabinoid receptor-1 activation to inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid mediated calcium influx and neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion neurons
  295. Nonpsychotropic plant cannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate and desensitize transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in vitro: potential for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability
  296. Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched Cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes
  297. Cannabinoid actions at TRPV channels: effects on TRPV3 and TRPV4 and their potential relevance to gastrointestinal inflammation
  298. Cannabidiol exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures
  299. Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat
  300. Cannabidivarin-rich cannabis extracts are anticonvulsant in mouse and rat via a CB1 receptor-independent mechanism
  301. Cannabidiol displays antiepileptiform and antiseizure properties in vitro and in vivo
  302. Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel blockade by plant cannabinoids does not confer anticonvulsant effects per se
  303. Potential therapeutical effects of cannabidiol in children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy
  304. Report of a parent survey of cannabidiol-enriched cannabis use in pediatric treatment-resistant epilepsy
  305. A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population--a meta-analysis of 31 studies
  306. Cannabis use and suicidal behaviours in high-school students
  307. Relations between cannabis use and dependence, motives for cannabis use and anxious, depressive and borderline symptomatology
  308. Rates of psychiatric comorbidity among U.S. residents with lifetime cannabis dependence
  309. Longitudinal study of co-occurring psychiatric disorders and substance use
  310. Specificity of social anxiety disorder as a risk factor for alcohol and cannabis dependence
  311. Daily marijuana use and suicidality: the unique impact of social anxiety
  312. Marijuana effect expectancies: relations to social anxiety and marijuana use problems
  313. The relationship between cannabis use, depression and anxiety among Australian adults: findings from the National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being
  314. The persistence of the association between adolescent cannabis use and common mental disorders into young adulthood
  315. The short-term consequences of early onset cannabis use
  316. The association between anxiety and alcohol versus cannabis abuse disorders among adolescents in primary care settings
  317. Conditional substance abuse and dependence by diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorder or schizophrenia in the U.S. population
  318. Comorbidity of substance use disorders and other psychiatric disorders among adolescents: evidence from an epidemiologic survey
  319. Mental health differences between frequent cannabis users with and without dependence and the general population
  320. Does cannabis use predict the first incidence of mood and anxiety disorders in the adult population?
  321. Cannabis use and cannabis use disorders and their relationship to mental disorders: a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study in adolescents
  322. Anxiety and mood disorders and cannabis use
  323. Outcomes of occasional cannabis use in adolescence: 10-year follow-up study in Victoria, Australia
  324. Cognitive function and mood in MDMA/THC users, THC users and non-drug using controls
  325. Cannabis and anxiety and depression in young adults: a large prospective study
  326. A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood
  327. Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study
  328. Adolescent cannabis users at 24 years: trajectories to regular weekly use and dependence in young adulthood
  329. Lifetime associations between cannabis, use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks in a representative sample
  330. Marijuana use and panic psychopathology among a representative sample of adults
  331. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use in a nationally representative sample
  332. Cocaine use and other suspected risk factors for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a prospective study with data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area surveys
  333. Incidence and outcomes of mental disorders in a regional population: the Northern Rivers Mental Health Study
  334. Marijuana use and depression among adults: Testing for causal associations
  335. Exploring the association between cannabis use and depression
  336. Cannabis use and depression: a longitudinal study of a national cohort of Swedish conscripts
  337. Cannabis and psychiatric disorders: it is not only addiction
  338. Decreased depression in marijuana users
  339. The association between cannabis use and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
  340. An evidence based review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions
  341. Cognitive consequences of cannabis use: comparison with abuse of stimulants and heroin with regard to attention, memory and executive functions
  342. Dose-related neurocognitive effects of marijuana use
  343. The differential relationship between cocaine use and marijuana use on decision-making performance over repeat testing with the Iowa Gambling Task
  344. Neuropsychological consequences of regular marijuana use: a twin study
  345. Differential effects of MDMA, cocaine, and cannabis use severity on distinctive components of the executive functions in polysubstance users: a multiple regression analysis
  346. Residual effects of cannabis use on neurocognitive performance after prolonged abstinence: a meta-analysis
  347. Neuropsychological performance in long-term cannabis users
  348. Non-acute (residual) neurocognitive effects of cannabis use: a meta-analytic study
  349. Nonacute (residual) neuropsychological effects of cannabis use: a qualitative analysis and systematic review
  350. Repeated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure in adolescent monkeys: persistent effects selective for spatial working memory
  351. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol impairs spatial memory through a cannabinoid receptor mechanism
  352. Acute effects of marihuana smoking on maximal exercise performance
  353. The effects of smoking marihuana on physical performance
  354. Cardiovascular system effects of marijuana
  355. Tolerance to effects of high-dose oral δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and plasma cannabinoid concentrations in male daily cannabis smokers
  356. Lack of cardiovascular effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in chemically denervated men
  357. Effects of cannabis on cognition in patients with MS: a psychometric and MRI study
  358. Brain-heart coupling at the P300 latency is linked to anterior cingulate cortex and insula--a cardio-electroencephalographic covariance tracing study
  359. Central nervous system involvement in the autonomic responses to psychological distress
  360. Impaired error awareness and anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivity in chronic cannabis users
  361. Anterior cingulate grey-matter deficits and cannabis use in first-episode schizophrenia
  362. Functional CB1 cannabinoid receptors in human vascular endothelial cells
  363. Cannabinoid-1 receptor activation induces reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and cell death in human coronary artery endothelial cells
  364. CB2-receptor stimulation attenuates TNF-alpha-induced human endothelial cell activation, transendothelial migration of monocytes, and monocyte-endothelial adhesion
  365. Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptor ameliorates atherosclerosis associated with suppression of adhesion molecules
  366. Delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alter cytokine production by human immune cells
  367. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits antitumor immunity by a CB2 receptor-mediated, cytokine-dependent pathway
  368. Delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in activated human T cells
  369. Low dose oral cannabinoid therapy reduces progression of atherosclerosis in mice
  370. Macrophage/foam cell is an attribute of inflammation: mechanisms of formation and functional role
  371. Detailed characterization of the endocannabinoid system in human macrophages and foam cells, and anti-inflammatory role of type-2 cannabinoid receptor
  372. The role of the endocannabinoid system in atherosclerosis
  373. The macrophage scavenger receptor at 30 years of age: current knowledge and future challenges
  374. CD36 and macrophages in atherosclerosis
  375. Expression and functional characterization of ABCG1 splice variant ABCG1(666)
  376. The two faces of the 15-lipoxygenase in atherosclerosis
  377. Mammalian arachidonate 15-lipoxygenases structure, function, and biological implications
  378. CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors differentially regulate the production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages
  379. Endogenous cannabinoid receptor CB1 activation promotes vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation
  380. Rimonabant is a dual inhibitor of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases 1 and 2
  381. AM-251 and SR144528 are acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors
  382. Role of activated endocannabinoid system in regulation of cellular cholesterol metabolism in macrophages
  383. Rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, inhibits atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice
  384. Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the nonhuman primate. I. Changes that lead to fatty streak formation
  385. Identification of smooth muscle-derived foam cells in the atherosclerotic plaque of human aorta with monoclonal antibody IIG10
  386. Activation of TRPV1 reduces vascular lipid accumulation and attenuates atherosclerosis
  387. CB2 and TRPV1 receptors mediate cannabinoid actions on MDR1 expression in multidrug resistant cells
  388. Vanilloid TRPV1 receptor mediates the antihyperalgesic effect of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol, in a rat model of acute inflammation
  389. TRPV1 activation impedes foam cell formation by inducing autophagy in oxLDL-treated vascular smooth muscle cells
  390. Psychomotor performance, subjective and physiological effects and whole blood Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in heavy, chronic cannabis smokers following acute smoked cannabis
  391. Effect of marihuana on intraocular and blood pressure in glaucoma
  392. Pharmacology: marijuana and your heart
  393. Increased blood pressure after abrupt cessation of daily cannabis use
  394. Specific impairment of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by cannabinoids
  395. The inhibitory effects of cannabinoids, the active constituents of Cannabis sativa L. on human and rabbit platelet aggregation
  396. Impairment of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by hashish components
  397. Transporters in human platelets: physiologic function and impact for pharmacotherapy
  398. Effect of cannabinoids on platelet serotonin uptake
  399. Cannabinoids block release of serotonin from platelets induced by plasma from migraine patients
  400. Changes on metabolic parameters induced by acute cannabinoid administration (CBD, THC) in a rat experimental model of nutritional vitamin A deficiency
  401. Marijuana use, diet, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk factors (from the CARDIA study)
  402. Metabolic effects of chronic cannabis smoking
  403. The impact of marijuana use on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance among US adults
  404. Decreased prevalence of diabetes in marijuana users: cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III
  405. Adiponectin is required to mediate rimonabant-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity but not body weight loss in diet-induced obese mice
  406. Endocrine functions of adipose tissue: focus on adiponectin
  407. CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet-induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity
  408. The effect of marijuana on carbohydrate metabolism
  409. Alteration of glucose metabolism in liver by acute administration of cannabis
  410. Effect of cannabis extract on uterine glycogen metabolism in prepubertal rats under normal and estradiol-treated conditions
  411. Role of AMPK in skeletal muscle metabolic regulation and adaptation in relation to exercise
  412. The expression of receptors for endocannabinoids in human and rodent skeletal muscle
  413. Effects of cannabinoid receptors on skeletal muscle oxidative pathways
  414. Cannabinoids and ghrelin have both central and peripheral metabolic and cardiac effects via AMP-activated protein kinase
  415. Cannabis masks diabetic ketoacidosis
  416. Cannabis exposure associated with weight reduction and β-cell protection in an obese rat model
  417. Towards cannabinoid drugs--revisited
  418. Anandamide induces overeating: mediation by central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors
  419. Low dose anandamide affects food intake, cognitive function, neurotransmitter and corticosterone levels in diet-restricted mice
  420. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 blocks the orexigenic effects of intrahypothalamic ghrelin
  421. The gastric CB1 receptor modulates ghrelin production through the mTOR pathway to regulate food intake
  422. Identification of endocannabinoids and cannabinoid CB(1) receptor mRNA in the pituitary gland
  423. Leptin increases hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression in the rostral arcuate nucleus
  424. Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects
  425. The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product
  426. Twenty-four-hour leptin levels respond to cumulative short-term energy imbalance and predict subsequent intake
  427. Neuroendocrine control of food intake
  428. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents
  429. Ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin promote adipogenesis directly in vivo by a mechanism independent of the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor
  430. Genetic deletion of ghrelin does not decrease food intake but influences metabolic fuel preference
  431. The CB1 endocannabinoid system modulates adipocyte insulin sensitivity
  432. Biological effects of THC and a lipophilic cannabis extract on normal and insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes
  433. The endogenous cannabinoid system stimulates glucose uptake in human fat cells via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and calcium-dependent mechanisms
  434. Endocannabinoids in adipocytes during differentiation and their role in glucose uptake
  435. Role of cannabinoids in the development of fatty liver (steatosis)
  436. Modulation of adipocyte biology by δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol
  437. The stimulation of ketogenesis by cannabinoids in cultured astrocytes defines carnitine palmitoyltransferase I as a new ceramide-activated enzyme
  438. Endocannabinoid activation at hepatic CB1 receptors stimulates fatty acid synthesis and contributes to diet-induced obesity
  439. Food for thought: endocannabinoid modulation of lipogenesis
  440. The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis
  441. Regulation, function, and dysregulation of endocannabinoids in models of adipose and beta-pancreatic cells and in obesity and hyperglycemia
  442. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) inhibits cell proliferation and increases markers of adipocyte maturation in cultured mouse 3T3 F442A preadipocytes
  443. Changes in plasma endocannabinoid levels in viscerally obese men following a 1 year lifestyle modification programme and waist circumference reduction: associations with changes in metabolic risk factors
  444. Dysregulation of the peripheral and adipose tissue endocannabinoid system in human abdominal obesity
  445. Circulating endocannabinoid levels, abdominal adiposity and related cardiometabolic risk factors in obese men
  446. Differential alterations of the concentrations of endocannabinoids and related lipids in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese diabetic patients
  447. Investigations of the human endocannabinoid system in two subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in lean subjects and in obese subjects before and after weight loss
  448. The endocannabinoid system in obesity and type 2 diabetes
  449. Metabolic effects of chronic cannabis smoking
  450. The impact of marijuana use on glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance among US adults
  451. Decreased prevalence of diabetes in marijuana users: cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III
  452. Dietary intake and nutritional status of US adult marijuana users: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  453. Obesity and cannabis use: results from 2 representative national surveys
  454. Marijuana use, diet, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk factors (from the CARDIA study)
  455. Effects of smoked marijuana on food intake and body weight of humans living in a residential laboratory
  456. Clinical relevance of cannabis tolerance and dependence
  457. Cardiovascular effects of prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion
  458. Adiponectin: A novel adipokine linking adipocytes and vascular function
  459. An overview of the metabolic effects of rimonabant in randomized controlled trials: potential for other cannabinoid 1 receptor blockers in obesity
  460. Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia
  461. Rimonabant: From RIO to Ban
  462. Systematic review and meta-analysis on the adverse events of rimonabant treatment: considerations for its potential use in hepatology
  463. The psychiatric side-effects of rimonabant
  464. Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
  465. The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS
  466. Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. Caloric intake, mood, and sleep
  467. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus
  468. Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group
  469. Dronabinol versus megestrol acetate versus combination therapy for cancer-associated anorexia: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study
  470. Effect of dronabinol therapy on physical activity in anorexia nervosa: a randomised, controlled trial
  471. Dronabinol in severe, enduring anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial
  472. Cannabis and sport
  473. The endocannabinoid system and extinction learning
  474. The endogenous cannabinoid system controls extinction of aversive memories
  475. Abuse of drugs used to enhance athletic performance
  476. Increase of plasma IL-6 concentration with age in healthy subjects
  477. Self-reported lifetime marijuana use and interleukin-6 levels in middle-aged African Americans
  478. The roles of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1RA in obesity and insulin resistance in African-Americans
  479. New perspectives in the studies on endocannabinoid and cannabis: 2-arachidonoylglycerol as a possible novel mediator of inflammation
  480. Endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand induces the migration of human natural killer cells
  481. Evidence that 2-arachidonoylglycerol but not N-palmitoylethanolamine or anandamide is the physiological ligand for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor. Comparison of the agonistic activities of various cannabinoid receptor ligands in HL-60 cells
  482. Cannabidiol-induced lymphopenia does not involve NKT and NK cells
  483. Effect of cannabinoid ingestion (in the form of bhang) on the immune system of high school and university students
  484. Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations
  485. Differential expression of cannabinoid CB(2) receptor mRNA in mouse immune cell subpopulations and following B cell stimulation
  486. Downregulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) messenger RNA expression during in vitro stimulation of murine splenocytes with lipopolysaccharide
  487. Cutting edge: STAT6 serves as a positive and negative regulator of gene expression in IL-4-stimulated B lymphocytes
  488. Modulation and functional involvement of CB2 peripheral cannabinoid receptors during B-cell differentiation
  489. Induction of preferential chemotaxis of unstimulated B-lymphocytes by 2-arachidonoylglycerol in immunized mice
  490. Distinct expression profiles of the peripheral cannabinoid receptor in lymphoid tissues depending on receptor activation status
  491. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) mediates immunoglobulin class switching from IgM to IgE in cultures of murine-purified B lymphocytes
  492. Intact humoral and cell-mediated immunity in chronic marijuana smoking
  493. Cannabinoids enhance human B-cell growth at low nanomolar concentrations
  494. Gynecomastia in marihuana users
  495. Marijuana-induced gynecomastia: clinical and laboratory experience
  496. Marijuana: interaction with the estrogen receptor
  497. Failure of cannabinoid compounds to stimulate estrogen receptors
  498. Estrogenic effects of marijuana smoke condensate and cannabinoid compounds
  499. Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XXI: Estrogenic activity of a non-cannabinoid constituent
  500. Cannabinoids inhibit testosterone secretion by mouse testes in vitro
  501. Cannabinoid inhibition of rat luteal cell progesterone synthesis
  502. Effects of cannabinoids on testosterone and protein synthesis in rat testis Leydig cells in vitro
  503. Effects of marijuana on testosterone in male subjects
  504. Acute effects of smoking marijuana on hormones, subjective effects and performance in male human subjects
  505. Letter: Normal plasma testosterone concentrations after marihuana smoking
  506. The effects of 9-ene-tetrahydrocannabinol on hormone release and immune function
  507. Plasma testosterone levels in healthy male marijuana smokers
  508. Effects of chronic marijuana use on testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin and cortisol in men and women
  509. Depression of plasma testosterone levels after chronic intensive marihuana use
  510. Male-female differences in the effects of cannabinoids on sexual behavior and gonadal hormone function
  511. The effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on the metabolism of gonadal steroids in the rat
  512. Effects of Cannabis extract on the response of accessory sex organs of adult male mice to testosterone
  513. Antiandrogenic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in adult castrated rats
  514. Marihuana inhibits dihydrotestosterone binding to the androgen receptor
  515. The central cannabinoid receptor inactivation suppresses endocrine reproductive functions
  516. Depression of growth hormone and cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia after prolonged oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration in man
  517. The effects of cannabinoids on serum cortisol and prolactin in humans
  518. Endocrine effects of marijuana
  519. Characterization of the acute endocrine actions of (-)-11-hydroxy-delta8-tetrahydrocannabinol-dimethylheptyl (HU-210), a potent synthetic cannabinoid in rats
  520. Emerging role of cannabinoids in gastrointestinal and liver diseases: basic and clinical aspects
  521. Forgotten target for marijuana: the endocannabinoid system in the gut
  522. Endocannabinoid overactivity and intestinal inflammation
  523. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the gastrointestinal tract: a regulatory system in states of inflammation
  524. Cannabis for inflammatory bowel disease
  525. Endocannabinoid receptor CB2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  526. Cannabis-induced recurrent acute pancreatitis
  527. The cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist, AM251, prolongs the survival of rats with severe acute pancreatitis
  528. Cannabidiol lowers incidence of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice
  529. Examination of the immunosuppressive effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in streptozotocin-induced autoimmune diabetes
  530. Respiratory health effects of cannabis: position statement of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand
  531. Subacute effects of heavy marihuana smoking on pulmonary function in healthy men
  532. The respiratory effects of cannabis dependence in young adults
  533. Association between marijuana exposure and pulmonary function over 20 years
  534. Acute pulmonary physiologic effects of smoked marijuana and oral (Delta)9 -tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy young men
  535. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)--induced apoptosis in rat retina
  536. Cannabidiol and (-)Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants
  537. Neuroprotective effect of (-)Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced retinal neurotoxicity: involvement of peroxynitrite
  538. Inhibition of potassium- and ischemia-evoked [3H] D-aspartate release from isolated bovine retina by cannabinoids
  539. Effect of sublingual application of cannabinoids on intraocular pressure: a pilot study
  540. Effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on intraocular pressure in humans
  541. Marijuana smoking and reduced pressure in human eyes: drug action or epiphenomenon?
  542. Update on the endocannabinoid system as an anticancer target
  543. The stress-regulated protein p8 mediates cannabinoid-induced apoptosis of tumor cells
  544. Cannabinoid receptor agonist-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells LNCaP proceeds through sustained activation of ERK1/2 leading to G1 cell cycle arrest
  545. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits cell cycle progression in human breast cancer cells through Cdc2 regulation
  546. Inhibition of skin tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo by activation of cannabinoid receptors
  547. Cannabinoids inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in gliomas
  548. Cannabinoids inhibit glioma cell invasion by down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression
  549. Inhibition of cancer cell invasion by cannabinoids via increased expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1
  550. Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits epithelial growth factor-induced lung cancer cell migration in vitro as well as its growth and metastasis in vivo
  551. Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists inhibit tumor growth and metastasis of breast cancer
  552. Cannabinoids induce cancer cell proliferation via tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17)-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor
  553. A pilot clinical study of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme
  554. Cannabinoids reduce ErbB2-driven breast cancer progression through Akt inhibition
  555. Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma
  556. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances breast cancer growth and metastasis by suppression of the antitumor immune response
  557. Antineoplastic activity of cannabinoids
  558. Cannabis smoking and lung cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium
  559. Effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary function and respiratory complications: a systematic review
  560. The association between marijuana smoking and lung cancer: a systematic review
  561. Association of marijuana smoking with oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancers: pooled analysis from the INHANCE consortium
  562. Non-THC cannabinoids inhibit prostate carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo: pro-apoptotic effects and underlying mechanisms
  563. The endocannabinoid system in prostate cancer
  564. Cannabinoid receptor as a novel target for the treatment of prostate cancer
  565. A high cannabinoid CB(1) receptor immunoreactivity is associated with disease severity and outcome in prostate cancer
  566. The role of cannabinoids in prostate cancer: Basic science perspective and potential clinical applications
  567. Androgen receptors and their biology
  568. Towards the use of non-psychoactive cannabinoids for prostate cancer
  569. Population-based case-control study of recreational drug use and testis cancer risk confirms an association between marijuana use and nonseminoma risk
  570. Association between cannabis use and the risk of bladder cancer: results from the California Men's Health Study
  571. Inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by a standardized Cannabis sativa extract with high content of cannabidiol
  572. Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a novel therapy to treat malignant lymphoblastic disease
  573. Is the clinical use of cannabis by oncology patients advisable?
  574. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabis treatment for chronic pain
  575. Complementary and alternative medicine for cancer pain: an overview of systematic reviews
  576. Therapeutic potential of cannabinoid medicines
  577. Endocannabinoid control of food intake and energy balance
  578. N-acylethanolamine signalling mediates the effect of diet on lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans
  579. Increasing cannabinoid levels by pharmacological and genetic manipulation delay disease progression in SOD1 mice
  580. Amyloid-β and tau: the trigger and bullet in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis
  581. Neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. A rational framework for the search of novel therapeutic approaches
  582. Microglia and neuroinflammation: a pathological perspective
  583. Microglia function in Alzheimer's disease
  584. CB2 receptor deficiency increases amyloid pathology and alters tau processing in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
  585. Activation of the CB2 receptor system reverses amyloid-induced memory deficiency
  586. Targeting the CB2 receptor for immune modulation
  587. Nonpsychotropic cannabinoid receptors regulate microglial cell migration
  588. Comparison analysis of gene expression patterns between sporadic Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
  589. Gene expression as peripheral biomarkers for sporadic Alzheimer's disease
  590. CB2 receptor and amyloid pathology in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease patients
  591. Epigenetic regulation of fatty acid amide hydrolase in Alzheimer disease
  592. Inflammation, microglia, and Alzheimer's disease
  593. Assessing activation states in microglia
  594. A cell surface receptor complex for fibrillar beta-amyloid mediates microglial activation
  595. CD14 and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are required for fibrillar A{beta}-stimulated microglial activation
  596. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology by cannabinoids: neuroprotection mediated by blockade of microglial activation
  597. 2,3-Dihydro-1-benzofuran derivatives as a series of potent selective cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists: design, synthesis, and binding mode prediction through ligand-steered modeling
  598. The perceived effects of smoked cannabis on patients with multiple sclerosis
  599. Therapeutic satisfaction and subjective effects of different strains of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis
  600. Cannabinoids decrease the th17 inflammatory autoimmune phenotype
  601. Systematic review: efficacy and safety of medical marijuana in selected neurologic disorders: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
  602. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial
  603. Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and efficacy data for 12 months follow up
  604. Multiple sclerosis and extract of cannabis: results of the MUSEC trial
  605. Multiple sclerosis and cannabis: a cognitive and psychiatric study
  606. Effects of cannabis on cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis
  607. Psychopathological and cognitive effects of therapeutic cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study
  608. The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS)
  609. Current and future drugs for treatment of MS-associated bladder dysfunction
  610. COX-2, CB2 and P2X7-immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord
  611. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: delayed disease progression in mice by treatment with a cannabinoid
  612. Marijuana in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  613. Survey of cannabis use in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  614. Marijuana for parkinsonian tremor
  615. Cannabis for dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: a randomized double-blind crossover study
  616. Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study
  617. Survey on cannabis use in Parkinson's disease: subjective improvement of motor symptoms
  618. Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease: an exploratory double-blind trial
  619. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review
  620. Cannabis use and psychosis: a review of clinical and epidemiological evidence
  621. Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence
  622. Is cannabis use a contributory cause of psychosis?
  623. Cannabis use and the risk of later schizophrenia: a review
  624. Genetic predisposition to schizophrenia associated with increased use of cannabis
  625. The scope for biased recall of risk-factor exposure in case-control studies: evidence from a cohort study of Scottish men
  626. Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study
  627. Cannabis use and psychosis: a longitudinal population-based study
  628. Tests of causal linkages between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms
  629. Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study
  630. Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study
  631. Cannabis Use during Adolescent Development: Susceptibility to Psychiatric Illness
  632. Early cannabis use and schizotypal personality disorder symptoms from adolescence to middle adulthood
  633. Cannabis--psychosis pathway independent of other types of psychopathology
  634. Effects of haloperidol on the behavioral, subjective, cognitive, motor, and neuroendocrine effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans
  635. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol effects in schizophrenia: implications for cognition, psychosis, and addiction
  636. How cannabis causes paranoia: using the intravenous administration of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to identify key cognitive mechanisms leading to paranoia
  637. Gone to Pot - A Review of the Association between Cannabis and Psychosis
  638. Cannabis and psychosis: Neurobiology
  639. Moderation of the effect of adolescent-onset cannabis use on adult psychosis by a functional polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene: longitudinal evidence of a gene X environment interaction
  640. Association of codon 108/158 catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with the psychiatric manifestations of velo-cardio-facial syndrome
  641. Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and dopamine regulation in the human brain
  642. Cannabis induced dopamine release: an in-vivo SPECT study
  643. An experimental study of catechol-o-methyltransferase Val158Met moderation of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced effects on psychosis and cognition
  644. A systematic review of the antipsychotic properties of cannabidiol in humans
  645. Cannabis with high cannabidiol content is associated with fewer psychotic experiences
  646. Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis
  647. High-potency cannabis and the risk of psychosis
  648. Strong increase in total delta-THC in cannabis preparations sold in Dutch coffee shops
  649. Potency of delta 9-THC and other cannabinoids in cannabis in England in 2005: implications for psychoactivity and pharmacology
  650. Cannabis use and mania symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  651. The impact of substance abuse on the course of bipolar disorder
  652. Sequencing of substance use and affective morbidity in 166 first-episode bipolar I disorder patients
  653. Does cannabis use affect treatment outcome in bipolar disorder? A longitudinal analysis
  654. Adolescent substance use disorder during the early stages of bipolar disorder: a prospective high-risk study
  655. Cannabis use and expression of mania in the general population
  656. Risk factors predicting onset and persistence of subthreshold expression of bipolar psychopathology among youth from the community
  657. Cannabis use provides symptom relief in patients with inflammatory bowel disease but is associated with worse disease prognosis in patients with Crohn's disease
  658. Treatment of Crohn's disease with cannabis: an observational study
  659. Impact of cannabis treatment on the quality of life, weight and clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a pilot prospective study
  660. Cannabis induces a clinical response in patients with Crohn's disease: a prospective placebo-controlled study
  661. SR141716, a central cannabinoid (CB(1)) receptor antagonist, blocks the motivational and dopamine-releasing effects of nicotine in rats
  662. Cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A decreases operant ethanol self administration in rats exposed to ethanol-vapor chambers
  663. Effects of SR141716A on ethanol and sucrose self-administration
  664. Reduction of voluntary ethanol intake in ethanol-preferring sP rats by the cannabinoid antagonist SR-141716
  665. Selective inhibition of sucrose and ethanol intake by SR 141716, an antagonist of central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors
  666. The role of mesolimbic dopamine in the development and maintenance of ethanol reinforcement
  667. G-protein alpha subunit isoforms couple differentially to receptors that mediate presynaptic inhibition at rat hippocampal synapses
  668. Endocannabinoids potentiate synaptic transmission through stimulation of astrocytes
  669. Antagonism of marihuana effects by indomethacin in humans
  670. Cannabinoid system and cyclooxygenases inhibitors
  671. Cannabinoid receptor stimulation increases motivation for nicotine and nicotine seeking
  672. Nicotine-associated cues maintain nicotine-seeking behavior in rats several weeks after nicotine withdrawal: reversal by the cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716)
  673. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are involved in motivational effects of nicotine in rats
  674. Behavioural and biochemical evidence for interactions between Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and nicotine
  675. Exposure to a high-fat diet decreases sensitivity to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced motor effects in female rats
  676. Tolerance to chronic administration of Cannabis sativa (marihuana) in rats
  677. Effect of chronic administration of R-(+)-[2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate (WIN55,212-2) or delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid receptor adaptation in mice
  678. Distinct domains of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor mediate desensitization and internalization
  679. Reversible and regionally selective downregulation of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in chronic daily cannabis smokers
  680. Regulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the central nervous system by chronic cannabinoids
  681. Prolonged recovery rate of CB1 receptor adaptation after cessation of long-term cannabinoid administration
  682. The cannabis withdrawal syndrome
  683. A within-subject comparison of withdrawal symptoms during abstinence from cannabis, tobacco, and both substances
  684. Comparison of cannabis and tobacco withdrawal: severity and contribution to relapse
  685. The time course and significance of cannabis withdrawal
  686. The Cannabis Withdrawal Scale development: patterns and predictors of cannabis withdrawal and distress
  687. Cannabis smoking and acute coronary syndrome: two illustrative cases
  688. Cannabis: a rare cause of acute pancreatitis
  689. [Cannabis-induced cerebral and myocardial infarction in a young woman]
  690. The direct excitatory effect of IL-1beta on cerebellar Purkinje cell
  691. Marijuana abstinence effects in marijuana smokers maintained in their home environment
  692. Cannabis withdrawal symptoms in non-treatment-seeking adult cannabis smokers
  693. Sudden unexpected death under acute influence of cannabis
  694. Big marijuana--lessons from big tobacco
  695. Oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol suppresses cannabis withdrawal symptoms
  696. Transient ischemic attack in heavy cannabis smokers--how 'safe' is it?
  697. Protective effect of IL-18 on kainate- and IL-1 beta-induced cerebellar ataxia in mice
  698. Marijuana dependence and its treatment
  699. Is recent cannabis use associated with acute coronary syndromes? An illustrative case series
  700. Time-course of the DSM-5 cannabis withdrawal symptoms in poly-substance abusers
  701. Dronabinol for the treatment of cannabis dependence: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  702. Cannabis withdrawal is common among treatment-seeking adolescents with cannabis dependence and major depression, and is associated with rapid relapse to dependence
  703. A Rare and Unexpected Side-Effect of Cannabis Use: Abdominal Pain due to Acute Pancreatitis
  704. A case of cannabis-induced pancreatitis
  705. Periodontal and oral manifestations of marijuana use
  706. Deficits in dopamine D(2) receptors and presynaptic dopamine in heroin dependence: commonalities and differences with other types of addiction
  707. The dose effects of short-term dronabinol (oral THC) maintenance in daily cannabis users
  708. Recurrent stroke in a young cannabis user
  709. Cannabis withdrawal predicts severity of cannabis involvement at 1-year follow-up among treated adolescents
  710. The reliability of self-reported cannabis abuse, dependence and withdrawal symptoms: multisite study of differences between general population and treatment groups
  711. Cannabis induced acute coronary syndrome in a young female
  712. Abstinence symptoms during withdrawal from chronic marijuana use
  713. Diagnostic criteria for cannabis withdrawal syndrome
  714. Polysomnogram changes in marijuana users who report sleep disturbances during prior abstinence
  715. Cannabis as a precipitant of cardiovascular emergencies
  716. Prospective assessment of cannabis withdrawal in adolescents with cannabis dependence: a pilot study
  717. Chronic THC intake modifies fundamental cerebellar functions
  718. Cannabis-induced coronary artery thrombosis and acute anterior myocardial infarction in a young man
  719. Cannabis and coronary thrombosis: What is the role of platelets?
  720. Cannabis: a trigger for acute myocardial infarction? A case report
  721. Crosswalk between DSM-IV dependence and DSM-5 substance use disorders for opioids, cannabis, cocaine and alcohol
  722. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome as the underlying cause of intractable nausea and vomiting
  723. Dopamine D2 receptor availability in opiate-dependent subjects before and after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal
  724. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation following marijuana intoxication: a two-case report of possible association
  725. Recurrent transient ischemic attacks in a cannabis smoker
  726. Withdrawal symptoms do not predict relapse among subjects treated for cannabis dependence


Upload Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) raw DNA data today and take a deep dive into your genome!

Or if you only have standard microarray data currently, upload raw DNA data to get started with your free DNA raw data analysis today!