Apigenin - NutraPedia

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Apigenin

1) Conditions Apigenin Has Been Studied For

Apigenin has been explored for its potential effects on various conditions, including:

  • Cancer
  • Inflammation
  • Anxiety
  • Insomnia
  • Cardiovascular diseases
  • Neurodegenerative diseases

2) Efficacy in Treating Conditions

While apigenin shows promise in preclinical studies, its efficacy in treating these conditions in humans is not well established. More research and clinical trials are needed to determine its therapeutic potential and appropriate dosing.

3) Health Benefits of Apigenin

Apigenin is associated with several health benefits, such as:

  • Antioxidant properties
  • Anti-inflammatory effects
  • Anticancer potential
  • Neuroprotective effects
  • Anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) properties

4) Potential Downsides of Apigenin

Although apigenin is generally considered safe, some potential downsides include:

  • Interaction with medications, such as blood thinners
  • Limited bioavailability in its natural form
  • Possible allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
  • Lack of long-term safety data

5) Genetic Variations and Apigenin

Research on apigenin and genetic variations is still in its infancy. Some studies suggest that certain genetic polymorphisms may affect the metabolism and biological effects of apigenin, but conclusive evidence is lacking. Individuals with specific genetic backgrounds may experience different effects, and personalized nutrition or medicine approaches could be considered in the future.

Apigenin: A Low-Toxicity Flavonoid with Health Benefits

Apigenin and Gut Microbiota Interactions

Apigenin, consumed through diet, demonstrates antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties. It is metabolized by gut bacteria into smaller metabolites with potential regulatory effects on the human body. Further research is needed on apigenin's influence on gut microbiota and the activities of its bacterial metabolites.

Bioavailability and Dietary Intake of Flavonoids

Studies indicate a positive correlation between dietary intake of flavonoids and plasma concentrations, suggesting flavonoids like apigenin are bioavailable and can act as biomarkers for dietary intake. However, apigenin absorption is low, with only a small percentage excreted in urine, indicating potential accumulation in the body.

Enhancing Apigenin Delivery and Bioavailability

Research into novel delivery systems for apigenin, such as carbon nanopowder (CNP) carriers, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (Bio-SNEDDS), and enteric coated pellets, suggests improved dissolution rates, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential without significant intestinal toxicity.

Apigenin's Antifungal and Anticancer Properties

Apigenin-7-O-glucoside, a derivative of apigenin, exhibits notable antifungal activity against Candida species and effective cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells, suggesting a potent role in treating these conditions.

Health Benefits of Chamomile Tea

Chamomile tea, containing apigenin, exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. It shows potential anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and cholesterol-lowering effects, although human studies are limited.

Cancer Chemopreventive Potential of Apigenin

Apigenin may correlate with reduced risk of various cancers and protect against oxidative stress-related diseases. Its chemopreventive effects are under investigation, but no human clinical trials have been conducted yet.

Apigenin's Role in Disease Prevention

Dietary choices, including apigenin intake, play a substantial role in cancer prevalence. Apigenin's biological effects at the cellular and molecular levels are the focus of studies evaluating its potential as a cancer chemopreventive agent.

Flavonoids and Bioavailability

The health benefits of flavonoids like apigenin depend on their bioavailability, which varies significantly among different polyphenols. Further research is needed to identify the most effective polyphenols for health protection.

Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects

Apigenin has demonstrated both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, suggesting its potential as a neuroimmunomodulatory agent for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.

Conclusions

Apigenin is a promising flavonoid with multiple health benefits, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its bioavailability can be enhanced through innovative delivery systems, potentially increasing its therapeutic applications. However, further research is required to fully understand its effects and optimize its use in disease prevention and treatment.

References:


  1. A Review on Flavonoid Apigenin: Dietary Intake, ADME, Antimicrobial Effects, and Interactions with Human Gut Microbiota
  2. The relationship between fasting plasma concentrations of selected flavonoids and their ordinary dietary intake
  3. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of apigenin and its glycosides in healthy male adults
  4. Enhanced bioavailability of apigenin via preparation of a carbon nanopowder solid dispersion
  5. Enhancing Oral Bioavailability of Apigenin Using a Bioactive Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (Bio-SNEDDS): In Vitro, In Vivo and Stability Evaluations
  6. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside versus apigenin: Insight into the modes of anticandidal and cytotoxic actions
  7. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.)
  8. Apigenin: a promising molecule for cancer prevention
  9. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability
  10. Dietary agents in cancer prevention: flavonoids and isoflavonoids
  11. Apigenin and cancer chemoprevention: progress, potential and promise (review)
  12. Variability of phenolic compounds in flowers of Achillea millefolium wild populations in Lithuania
  13. Identification of compounds in wine by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry
  14. Beer constituents as potential cancer chemopreventive agents
  15. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects
  16. β-Amyloid Formation, Memory, and Learning Decline Following Long-term Ovariectomy and Its Inhibition by Systemic Administration of Apigenin and β-Estradiol
  17. Neuroimmunomodulatory and Neuroprotective Effects of the Flavonoid Apigenin in in vitro Models of Neuroinflammation Associated With Alzheimer's Disease
  18. Quercetin, kaempferol and biapigenin from Hypericum perforatum are neuroprotective against excitotoxic insults
  19. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory activity of natural plant flavonoids and their synthesized derivatives
  20. Effects of flavonoids and vitamin C on oxidative DNA damage to human lymphocytes
  21. Prevention of cellular ROS damage by isovitexin and related flavonoids
  22. Suppression of inducible cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase by apigenin and related flavonoids in mouse macrophages
  23. Flavonoids and related compounds as anti-allergic substances
  24. Dietary flavones suppresses IgE and Th2 cytokines in OVA-immunized BALB/c mice
  25. Apigenin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 upregulation in vivo
  26. Flavonoids inhibit cytokine-induced endothelial cell adhesion protein gene expression
  27. Modulation of Th17 Proliferation and IL-17A Gene Expression by Acetylated Form of Apigenin in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
  28. The O-methylation of chrysin markedly improves its intestinal anti-inflammatory properties: Structure-activity relationships of flavones
  29. Antihyperglycemic effect of Cephalotaxus sinensis leaves and GLUT-4 translocation facilitating activity of its flavonoid constituents
  30. Apigenin suppresses cancer cell growth through ERbeta
  31. Effects of flavonoid phytochemicals on cortisol production and on activities of steroidogenic enzymes in human adrenocortical H295R cells
  32. Flavonoids exhibit diverse effects on CYP11B1 expression and cortisol synthesis
  33. Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, and safety
  34. Health effects and bioavailability of dietary flavonols
  35. Inhibitory effect of apigenin on benzo(a)pyrene-mediated genotoxicity in Swiss albino mice
  36. Genotoxicities of nitropyrenes and their modulation by apigenin, tannic acid, ellagic acid and indole-3-carbinol in the Salmonella and CHO systems
  37. Flavonoids increase the intracellular glutathione level by transactivation of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytical subunit promoter
  38. The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer
  39. Inhibitory effect of apigenin, a plant flavonoid, on epidermal ornithine decarboxylase and skin tumor promotion in mice
  40. Effect of apigenin on neurodegenerative diseases
  41. Integrated Screening of Effective Anti-Insomnia Fractions of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po Decoction via Drosophila melanogaster and Network Pharmacology Analysis of the Underlying Pharmacodynamic Material and Mechanism
  42. Preparation of novel apigenin-enriched, liposomal and non-liposomal, antiinflammatory topical formulations as substitutes for corticosteroid therapy
  43. Associations of dietary flavonoids with risk of type 2 diabetes, and markers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in women: a prospective study and cross-sectional analysis
  44. In vivo skin penetration studies of camomile flavones
  45. Determination and assay validation of luteolin and apigenin in human urine after oral administration of tablet of Chrysanthemum morifolium extract by HPLC
  46. Bioavailability of apigenin from apiin-rich parsley in humans
  47. Controlled Release Oral Delivery of Apigenin Containing Pellets with Antioxidant Activity
  48. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of apigenin in female and male rats after a single oral administration
  49. Column-switching high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for determination of apigenin and acacetin in human urine with ultraviolet absorbance detection
  50. Interaction of apigenin-7-O-glucoside with pyrimethamine against Toxoplasma gondii growth
  51. The flavonoid apigenin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by decreasing mature microRNA122 levels
  52. Characterization and Anti-Caries Effect of an Experimental Adhesive Containing Natural Antimicrobial Agents
  53. Anti-inflammatory properties of raw honey and its clinical applications in daily practice
  54. Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) intake on urinary apigenin excretion, blood antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers for oxidative stress in human subjects
  55. Apigenin inhibits UVA-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and prevents signs of skin aging in vivo
  56. Clinical, in vitro and phytochemical, studies of Scrophularia striata mouthwash on chronic periodontitis disease
  57. Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study
  58. Black pepper-based beverage induced appetite-suppressing effects without altering postprandial glycaemia, gut and thyroid hormones or gastrointestinal well-being: a randomized crossover study in healthy subjects
  59. Aromatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition by flavonoids
  60. Effects of apigenin on steroidogenesis and steroidogenic acute regulatory gene expression in mouse Leydig cells
  61. Phytoestrogens and their low dose combinations inhibit mRNA expression and activity of aromatase in human granulosa-luteal cells
  62. Urinary excretions of 34 dietary polyphenols and their associations with lifestyle factors in the EPIC cohort study
  63. Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and incident hypertension in adults
  64. Effects of the flavonoids quercetin and apigenin on hemostasis in healthy volunteers: results from an in vitro and a dietary supplement study


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